Rutile is a mineral, the most stable polymorphic variety of titanium oxide. Other polymorphic modifications with the same chemical formula: akaogyite, anatase, brookite. Rutile is found in igneous and metamorphic rocks, as well as sedimentary rocks. It is of industrial importance as titanium raw material.
You can see rutile stone for sale and buy it in the Minerals of Russia online store.
General | |
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Category | Oxide minerals |
Formula (repeating unit) |
TiO2 |
IMA symbol | Rt |
Strunz classification | 4.DB.05 |
Crystal system | Tetragonal |
Crystal class | Ditetragonal dipyramidal (4/mmm) H-M symbol: (4/m 2/m 2/m) |
Space group | P42/mnm |
Unit cell | a = 4.5937 Å, c = 2.9587 Å; Z = 2 |
Identification | |
Color | Brown, reddish brown, blood red, red, brownish yellow, pale yellow, yellow, pale blue, violet, rarely grass-green, grayish black; black if high in Nb–Ta |
Crystal habit | Acicular to Prismatic crystals, elongated and striated parallel to [001] |
Twinning | Common on {011}, or {031}; as contact twins with two, six, or eight individuals, cyclic, polysynthetic |
Cleavage | {110} good, {100} moderate, parting on {092} and {011} |
Fracture | Uneven to sub-conchoidal |
Mohs scale hardness | 6.0–6.5 |
Luster | Adamantine to submetallic |
Streak | Bright red to dark red |
Diaphaneity | Opaque, transparent in thin fragments |
Specific gravity | 4.23 increasing with Nb–Ta content |
Optical properties | Uniaxial (+) |
Refractive index | nω = 2.613, nε = 2.909 (589 nm) |
Birefringence | 0.296 (589 nm) |
Pleochroism | Weak to distinct brownish red-green-yellow |
Dispersion | Strong |
Fusibility | Fusible in alkali carbonates |
Solubility | Insoluble in acids |
Common impurities | Fe, Nb, Ta |
Other characteristics | Strongly anisotropic |