Malachite is a copper mineral of surface oxidation zones of hydrothermal deposits. It occurs mainly in the form of sinter masses of a zonal structure, which gives it a decorative appearance. But it also occurs as pseudostalactites, spherulites and acicular crystals. Once upon a time there were large reserves of malachite in the Urals, but they have all been depleted a long time ago. Currently, the largest reserves of malachite are in Africa. Compared to Russian malachite, African malachite is darker. Malachite is quite common, but it rarely forms large masses.
You can see malachite stone for sale and buy it in the Minerals of Russia online store.
General | |
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Category | Carbonate mineral |
Formula (repeating unit) |
Cu2CO3(OH)2 |
IMA symbol | Mlc |
Strunz classification | 5.BA.10 |
Crystal system | Monoclinic |
Crystal class | Prismatic (2/m) (same H-M symbol) |
Space group | P21/a |
Identification | |
Formula mass | 221.1 g/mol |
Color | Bright green, dark green, blackish green, with crystals deeper shades of green, even very dark to nearly black commonly banded in masses; green to yellowish green in transmitted light |
Crystal habit | Massive, botryoidal, stalactitic, crystals are acicular to tabular prismatic |
Twinning | Common as contact or penetration twins on {100} and {201}. Polysynthetic twinning also present. |
Cleavage | Perfect on {201} fair on {010} |
Fracture | Subconchoidal to uneven |
Mohs scale hardness | 3.5–4 |
Luster | Adamantine to vitreous; silky if fibrous; dull to earthy if massive |
Streak | light green |
Diaphaneity | Translucent to opaque |
Specific gravity | 3.6–4 |
Optical properties | Biaxial (–) |
Refractive index | nα = 1.655 nβ = 1.875 nγ = 1.909 |
Birefringence | δ = 0.254 |