Orpiment is a hydrothermal mineral that rarely forms large crystals. This mineral usually occurs as foliated, scaly, or granular aggregates. It is the main ore for arsenic. At the same time, fears about the poisonousness of orpiment are greatly exaggerated. Arsenic forms a stable compound in the mineral and begins to be released only when heated above 300 degrees. Orpiment is used for the production of mineral coloring pigment. Since the orpiment reserves far exceed the requirements for arsenic, this mineral often ends up in dumps.
You can see orpiment stone for sale and buy it in the Minerals of Russia online store.
General | |
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Category | Sulfide mineral |
Formula (repeating unit) |
As2S3 |
IMA symbol | Orp |
Strunz classification | 2.FA.30 |
Crystal system | Monoclinic |
Crystal class | Prismatic (2/m) (same H-M symbol) |
Space group | P21/n |
Unit cell | a = 11.475(5), b = 9.577(4) c = 4.256(2) [Å], β = 90.45(5)°; Z = 4 |
Identification | |
Color | Lemon-yellow to golden or brownish yellow |
Crystal habit | Commonly in foliated columnar or fibrous aggregates; may be reniform or botryoidal; also granular or powdery; rarely as prismatic crystals |
Twinning | On {100} |
Cleavage | Perfect on {010}, imperfect on {100}; |
Tenacity | Sectile |
Mohs scale hardness | 1.5–2 |
Luster | Resinous, pearly on cleavage surface |
Streak | Pale lemon-yellow |
Diaphaneity | Transparent |
Specific gravity | 3.49 |
Optical properties | Biaxial (−) |
Refractive index | nα = 2.400 nβ = 2.810 nγ = 3.020 |
Birefringence | δ = 0.620 |
Pleochroism | In reflected light, strong, white to pale gray with reddish tint; in transmitted light, Y = yellow, Z = greenish yellow |
2V angle | Measured: 30° to 76°, Calculated: 62° |
Dispersion | r > v, strong |